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Indonesia
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Republic of Indonesia
Republik Indonesia

Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Old Javanese)
Unity in Diversity
National ideology: Pancasila[1]
Anthem: Indonesia Raya
Capital
(and largest city) Jakarta
6°10.5′S 106°49.7′E / 6.175°S 106.8283°E / -6.175; 106.8283
Official languages Indonesian
Demonym Indonesian
Government Presidential republic
- President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
- Vice President Boediono
Independence from the Netherlands
- Declared 17 August 1945
- Acknowledged 27 December 1949
Area
- Land 1,919,440 km2 (16th)
735,355 sq mi
- Water (%) 4.85
Population
- 2009 estimate 229,965,000[2] (4th)
- 2000 census 206,264,595
- Density 119.8/km2 (84th)
312.7/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2008 estimate
- Total $909.729 billion[3] (16th)
- Per capita $3,980[3] (121st)
GDP (nominal) 2008 estimate
- Total $511.765 billion[3] (19th)
- Per capita $2,239[3] (116th)
Gini (2002) 34.3
HDI (2007) ▲ 0.734[4] (medium) (111th)
Currency Rupiah (IDR)
Time zone various (UTC+7 to +9)
Internet TLD .id
Calling code +62

The Republic of Indonesia (pronounced /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziə/ or /ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/; Indonesian: Republik Indonesia) is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 230 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, with the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the seventh century, when the Srivijaya Kingdom traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually adopted Indian cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.

Across its many islands, Indonesia consists of distinct ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups. Indonesia has developed a shared identity defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a majority Muslim population, and a history of colonialism including rebellion against it. Indonesia's national motto, "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity. The country is richly endowed with natural resources, yet poverty remains widespread in contemporary Indonesia. In spite of having many poor images, Indonesia is the world's 19th largest economy by nominal GDP, with an estimate US$ 511.7 billion (nominal)[5], Indonesia is also a member of G-20 major economies [6], Big